Original Research - Special Collection: Foundation subjects - Old and New Testament Studies

Early Christian spiritualties of sin and forgiveness according to 1 John

Dirk G. van der Merwe
HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies | Vol 70, No 1 | a2014 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2014 | © 2014 Dirk G. van der Merwe | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 30 May 2013 | Published: 14 May 2014

About the author(s)

Dirk G. van der Merwe, Department of Christian Spirituality, Church History Missiology, University of South Africa, South Africa

Abstract

The article attempts to investigate the possible lived experiences created by this text. The text revolves around the experience of fellowship with God (1:6, 7) who is characterised as ‘light’. For the author of 1 John, sin disrupts this fellowship. He creates an awareness and a ‘spirituality of sin and guilt’ in the lives of his readers through the use of the experiential metaphor of darkness in a dialectic combination with light and the two false negations ‘do not have sin’ (sin as a noun) and ‘do not sin’ (sin as a verb). This fellowship is re-established through living in the light: the confession, forgiveness and expiation of sin. The author creates a spirituality of confession, forgiveness and expiation of sin through descriptive cultic (blood of Jesus and expiation), forensic (paraclete), atypical (cleans, expiation, paraclete) and all-inclusive (all [twice], whole, anyone) language. Thus, in his rhetoric, the author uses metaphor, dialectic, sacrificial, forensic, atypical and all-inclusive language to facilitate a variety of ‘lived experiences’ within his readers. Firstly, he wants them to feel guilty about their sins and consequently, after they have confessed their sins, to strengthen their faith. Secondly, he wants to encourage them to believe that they can experience the forgiveness of their sins and, by doing so, know that they have eternal life (5:13) and can experience fellowship with God and, mutually, with one another.

Keywords

Light; darkness; sin; forgiveness; metaphor; dialectic language

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