Original Research

Models of disability: A brief overview

Marno Retief, Rantoa Letšosa
HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies | Vol 74, No 1 | a4738 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i1.4738 | © 2018 | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 18 July 2017 | Published: 06 March 2018

About the author(s)

Marno Retief, Faculty of Theology, North-West University, South Africa
Rantoa Letšosa, Faculty of Theology, North-West University, South Africa

Abstract

Critical reflection on the importance of shaping disability-friendly – or disability-inclusive – congregations has enjoyed increasing attention in the field of practical theology in recent years. Moreover, the development of disability theology is a testament to the fact that practical theologians and the wider church community have taken serious notice of the realities and experiences of people with disabilities in our time. Nevertheless, even before the task of engaging in theological reflection from a disability perspective commences, it is necessary that theologians acquaint themselves with the various models of disability that shape people’s perceptions and ideas about people with disabilities. Guided by the principles of the interpretive task of practical theological investigation and cognizant of the importance of models of disability in shaping perceptions regarding people with disabilities, this article seeks to provide a brief overview of nine of the most dominant models of disability that are prevalent in our time. We shall utilise the typological approach to theoretical analysis in order to outline the basic characteristics of the various models.

Keywords

Disability; Models; Theology

Metrics

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Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.70004

87. De-constructing disability: perspectives of persons with disability (PWD) in an African city
Prince Kwame Odame, Regina Obilie Amoako-Sakyi, Albert Abane, Dominic Edem Hotor
Cogent Social Sciences  vol: 11  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1080/23311886.2025.2464447

88. “I’m a good mother; I play with her; I love her”: The motherhood experience of women with intellectual disabilities from empowering and intersectional approaches
Carmit-Noa Shpigelman, Moran Bar
Disability and Health Journal  vol: 16  issue: 4  first page: 101504  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101504

89. Experiences of face mask use during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Esmée Hanna, Graham Martin, Anne Campbell, Paris Connolly, Kriss Fearon, Steven Markham
Sociology of Health & Illness  vol: 44  issue: 9  first page: 1481  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13525

90. Models of Disability as Models of First Contact
Sheri Wells-Jensen, Alyssa Zuber
Religions  vol: 11  issue: 12  first page: 676  year: 2020  
doi: 10.3390/rel11120676

91. An Ubuntu approach to disability and inclusive development for women with disabilities
Theresa Lorenzo, Maximus M. Sefotho
African Journal of Disability  vol: 14  year: 2025  
doi: 10.4102/ajod.v14i0.1600

92. The Interconnectedness of Disability and Trauma in Foster and Kinship Care: The Importance of Trauma-Informed Care
Kostas Hatzikiriakidis, Amanda O’Connor, Melissa Savaglio, Helen Skouteris, Rachael Green
International Journal of Disability, Development and Education  vol: 70  issue: 5  first page: 899  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1080/1034912X.2021.1921126

93. Engellilik Modelleri Perspektifinde İslam Medeniyeti ve Diğer Toplumlardaki Engellilik: Çeşitli Kültürlerin Bakış Açıları
Hilmi Sözen
The Journal of International Civilization Studies  first page: 150  year: 2024  
doi: 10.58648/inciss.1452607

94. Validation of a Scale on Society’s Attitudes towards the Sexuality of Women with Intellectual Disabilities—Survey Study
Mónica Rojas-Chaves, Manuel Lucas-Matheu, Gracia Castro-Luna, Tesifón Parrón-Carreño, Bruno José Nievas-Soriano
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  vol: 19  issue: 20  first page: 13228  year: 2022  
doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013228

95. Znaczenie kulturowego modelu niepełnosprawności dla współczesnej pedagogiki specjalnej
Andrzej Twardowski
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja  vol: 26  issue: 2  year: 2024  
doi: 10.14746/kse.2024.26.2.1

96. Structural modification challenges facing the implementation of inclusive education policy in public secondary schools in Tharaka-Nithi County
Ruguru Ireri Bibiana, King’endo Madrine, Wangila Eric, Thuranira Simon
International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies  vol: 12  issue: 2  first page: 147  year: 2020  
doi: 10.5897/IJEAPS2020.0661

97. How can we create a diverse, equitable and inclusive workplace in society without the voice of disability? Lessons from Ghana
Ernest Nkansah‐Dwamena
Journal of International Development  vol: 34  issue: 5  first page: 1028  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1002/jid.3663

98. Beauty from brokenness: Witness and wonder as God works through all bodies
Andrew K. Opie
Missiology: An International Review  vol: 52  issue: 4  first page: 380  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1177/00918296241269636

99. Who needs the social model of disability?
Sofia Adam, Athanasios Koutsoklenis
Frontiers in Sociology  vol: 8  year: 2023  
doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1305301

100. Civil society organisations and disability-inclusive employment: perspectives from leaders of organisations of persons with disabilities in Ghana
Felix Larbi Appiah, Emmanuel Kumi, Antoinette Tsiboe-Darko, Solomon Kofi Amoah
Disability & Society  first page: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1080/09687599.2025.2592933

101. Disability brief in single chapter and bangladesh perspectives: A rapid overview
Munzur-E-Murshid, Mainul Haque
Advances in Human Biology  vol: 10  issue: 2  first page: 41  year: 2020  
doi: 10.4103/AIHB.AIHB_6_20

102. Deaf migrants in Sweden: exploring linguistic and bureaucratic challenges through the lens of Crip Theory and Crip Linguistics
Nora Duggan, Ingela Holmström
Multilingua  vol: 43  issue: 5  first page: 667  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1515/multi-2023-0203

103. Stakeholders’ perspectives on the inclusion of neurodiverse learners in the mainstream curricula
Nettie Ndou-Chikwena, Maximus Sefotho
South African Journal of Childhood Education  vol: 15  issue: 1  year: 2025  
doi: 10.4102/sajce.v15i1.1622

104. Double Burden, Single Response: The Irony of Ageing with Disability in Ghana
F. Akosua Agyemang, Efua Esaaba Mantey Agyire-Tettey, Jude Delasi Gbogblogbe, Victus Gyambiby, Abena Oforiwaa Ampomah
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology  first page: 1128  year: 2025  
doi: 10.38124/ijisrt/25may1139

105. Understanding ADHD stigma: The predictive roles of beliefs about the causes of ADHD and self-reported ADHD symptoms
Alexandra Maftei, Ștefania Nițu, Andra Imbrea
Psihologija  vol: 58  issue: 4  first page: 425  year: 2025  
doi: 10.2298/PSI230606010M

106. Conceptualising, defining and providing special education in China: stakeholder perspectives
Ahmed Alduais, Meng Deng
Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs  vol: 22  issue: 4  first page: 352  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1111/1471-3802.12573

107. Accessibility Implementation in Public Cultural Institutions: An Opportunity or a Legally Imposed Necessity?
Agnieszka Konior, Anna Pluszyńska, Anna Grabowska, Agnieszka Czyczyło
Problemy Polityki Społecznej Studia i Dyskusje  vol: 67  issue: 4  first page: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.31971/pps/173429

108. What Does Neurodiversity Mean to You? Shared Meanings from University Students, Faculty and Staff
Amy L Accardo, Kerry K Cormier
Neurodiversity  vol: 3  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1177/27546330251331876

109. Special Educational Needs Categorisation Systems: To Be Labelled or Not?
Kyriakos Demetriou
International Journal of Disability, Development and Education  vol: 69  issue: 5  first page: 1772  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1080/1034912X.2020.1825641

110. Disabled travel and urban environment: A literature review
Xiaoming Shen, Siqi Zheng, Rui Wang, Qinwei Li, Zike Xu, Xiaoliang Wang, Jiayu Wu
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment  vol: 115  first page: 103589  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103589

111. Finding Meaning and Hope: Spiritual and Religious Experiences of Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome
Stephanie G. Gotay
Journal of Disability & Religion  vol: 29  issue: 4  first page: 447  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1080/23312521.2025.2512506

112. Affirming Neurodiversity within Applied Behavior Analysis
Sneha Kohli Mathur, Ellie Renz, Jonathan Tarbox
Behavior Analysis in Practice  vol: 17  issue: 2  first page: 471  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1007/s40617-024-00907-3

113. Provision of Assistive Technology for Students with Disabilities in South African Higher Education
Sibonokuhle Ndlovu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  vol: 18  issue: 8  first page: 3892  year: 2021  
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18083892

114. Inclusion, access, and accessibility of educational resources in higher education institutions: exploring the Ethiopian context
Wondwossen Mulualem Beyene, Abraham Tulu Mekonnen, George Anthony Giannoumis
International Journal of Inclusive Education  vol: 27  issue: 1  first page: 18  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1080/13603116.2020.1817580

115. Creativity, Autism and Relationship to God
Saša Horvat, Tanja Horvat
Journal of Disability & Religion  vol: 27  issue: 2  first page: 342  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1080/23312521.2022.2058147

116. Employment challenges for persons with visual impairment in Windhoek, Namibia
Kelao Uiras, Nisha A. Paulse, Annelisa Murangi, Clifford K. Hlatywayo
African Journal of Disability  vol: 13  year: 2024  
doi: 10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1500

117. BİR BAŞKA AÇIDAN AKADEMİ: GÖRME ENGELLİ LİSANSÜSTÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİN DENEYİMLERİ
Merve Demirdöven, Aylin Arıcı, Taner Artan
Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi  vol: 25  issue: 66  first page: 11  year: 2025  
doi: 10.21560/spcd.vi.1388616

118. El modelo médico como generador de discapacidad
Samuel David Barbosa Ardila, Felipe Villegas Salazar, Jonathan Beltrán
Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética  vol: 19  issue: 37-2  first page: 111  year: 2020  
doi: 10.18359/rlbi.4303

119. Growing a Healthy Church: A Theological Reflection on Disability Inclusivity in Ghana
Anthony Boateng-Agyenim
E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences  first page: 36  year: 2024  
doi: 10.38159/ehass.20245104

120. Fostering Inclusive Dispositions: Integrating Disability Studies in Teacher Education
Jordan Lukins, Naima Bhana Lopez, Mary Rose Sallese, John Andresen
Journal of Special Education Preparation  vol: 3  issue: 3  first page: 4  year: 2023  
doi: 10.33043/JOSEP.3.3.4-15

121. “I Don’t Know Whether It’s Priority, or Capacity, or Both”: Implementation Gaps in Employment Policies Targeting People with Disabilities in Kenya and Bangladesh
Shaffa Hameed, Lopita Huq, David J. N. Musendo, Lena Morgon Banks, Joyce Olenja, Tom Shakespeare
Disabilities  vol: 4  issue: 4  first page: 781  year: 2024  
doi: 10.3390/disabilities4040048

122. Enabling abilities in disabilities: Developing differently abled Christian leadership in Africa
Kimion Tagwirei
Theologia Viatorum  vol: 48  issue: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.4102/tv.v48i1.252

123. Social, Systemic, Individual-Medical or Cultural? Questionnaire on the Concepts of Disability Among Teacher Education Students
Markus Gebhardt, Michael Schurig, Sebastian Suggate, David Scheer, Dino Capovilla
Frontiers in Education  vol: 6  year: 2022  
doi: 10.3389/feduc.2021.701987

124. Teaching Models of Disability with Katherine Dunn’s Geek Love
Jessica L. Williams
Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies  vol: 19  issue: 4  first page: 447  year: 2025  
doi: 10.3828/jlcds.2024.32

125. Piano Lessons: Fostering Theory of Mind in ASD Through Imitation
Chomchat Silarat
International Journal of Disability, Development and Education  vol: 69  issue: 1  first page: 154  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1080/1034912X.2021.1947473

126. Exploring spirituality and religiosity among mothers of adult children with Down syndrome
Stephanie Gotay, Nancy Nishimura
International Journal of Developmental Disabilities  first page: 1  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1080/20473869.2024.2440036

127. The evolving role of fathers of young deaf children in Turkey
Fatih Mehmet Acar, Zerrin Turan, Yıldız Uzuner
Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1093/jdsade/enaf066