Reading selected biblical proverbs in the light of corporal punishment in child upbringing

Abstract

Corporal punishment is highly prevalent in domestic settings. A significant number of parents believe that the book of Proverbs endorses corporal punishment as an integral part of child discipline. Proponents of corporal punishment usually base their stand on Proverbs 13:24 and also on the age-old English maxim ‘Spare the rod and spoil the child’. Other biblical proverbs they hold firmly are Proverbs 22:15 and Proverbs 23:13–14. Because of the use of the term ‘rod’, some studies equally maintain that the selected texts support the physical discipline of children. In contrast, others argue that ‘rod’ is a metaphor for discipline, encompassing teaching, guidance and correction. Using the historical-literary method of exegesis, this article examines these texts to understand the historical and cultural context in which the proverbs were written, and to explore their varying interpretations, illuminating the value of discipline in the well-being and character formation of children and clarifying various perspectives on corporal punishment in child discipline. This study finds that positive discipline, which focuses on guidance, encouragement, positive reinforcement, verbal warnings, time-outs, explaining consequences (et cetera), promotes healthy behaviour and development in children, whereas corporal punishment is of limited effectiveness and can have unintended long-term negative effects on a child’s physical, emotional and psychological well-being. Therefore, rather than relying on spanking, parents should embrace positive discipline techniques. If positive discipline methods prove abortive, parents should seek professional support to find out the underlying reasons behind a child’s recalcitrant behaviour.
Contribution: The book of Proverbs unequivocally establishes that discipline is an integral part of child upbringing. The use of the term ‘rod’ in the related texts has led many to associate discipline with physical punishment. This study, however, suggests that parents should adopt positive discipline, which emphasises encouragement, reinforcement and effective communication, thereby fostering sustainable character development and a strong parent–child relationship.