Pentecostalism and marginalised ethnicity in Indonesia: Chinese identity assimilation

Abstract

This article critically examines the complex relationship between Indonesian Pentecostalism and the marginalised Chinese ethnic identity, arguing that Pentecostal churches can serve as transformative spaces for negotiating and integrating identity. Grounded in the historical and cultural challenges faced by the Chinese diaspora in Indonesia, particularly during the New Order regime, the study employs a literature-based approach that incorporates historical, social and theological analyses supplemented by demographic data and narrative accounts. It contends that the Pentecostal movement offers a unique potential to reconcile fragmented identities by fostering spiritual experiences that transcend ethnic and cultural barriers. However, the article highlights that Pentecostal churches often struggle to fully adapt their doctrines to local cultural realities, which can limit their capacity to address the needs of diverse communities. Despite these challenges, Pentecostalism can make a significant contribution to shaping both the Chinese ethnic identity and the broader national discourse on multiculturalism. By promoting an inclusive vision of the Kingdom of God, Pentecostalism can facilitate healing, unity and dialogue within Indonesia’s multi-ethnic society, addressing historical wounds and supporting a shared sense of belonging.
Contribution: This study contributes an interdisciplinary perspective by bridging insights from theology, sociology and cultural studies. It aims to provide a holistic understanding of how Pentecostalism intersects with broader sociopolitical and cultural processes in Indonesia.