Reconciling the Qurʾān and the Bible: A new approach to scriptural dialogue

Abstract

The Qur’ān’s assertion of its divine preservation naturally raises questions about the status of earlier revelations like the Torah and Gospel, which it recognises as authentic divine guidance (āl-ʿImrān 3:3). This study examines why the Qur’ān would affirm these scriptures while certain verses appear to critique their transmission. Through analysis of shared narratives and theological concepts, it explores whether references to ‘distortion’ [taḥrīf] concern textual corruption or interpretive deviation. The findings suggest that critical verses target specific interpretations within Jewish and Christian traditions rather than the biblical text’s integrity. This is evident in the Qur’ān’s engagement with biblical stories – affirming core messages while providing complementary perspectives. Frequent references to biblical figures and events, along with explicit validation of earlier scriptures, reveal a theological framework that honours their divine origin. By separating textual preservation from interpretive history, the study presents a nuanced view of inter-scriptural relations, showing how the Qur’ān respects earlier revelations while advancing its own theological message and encouraging integrative over polemical approaches.
Contribution: This study clarifies Qur’ānic teachings on earlier scriptures and promotes constructive interfaith dialogue rooted in shared Abrahamic traditions. It proposes an integrative framework combining: (1) intertextual analysis of Qurʾānic-biblical parallels, showing how shared stories serve distinct theological aims; (2) historical-critical study of these variations within Late Antique debates on prophecy and identity; and (3) reception history tracing classical and modern interpretations. This model sees Qurʾānic adaptations as purposeful theological recontextualisations rather than claims of textual corruption.